Environmental Education Standard - Conflict Essays - Free Essays

Environmental Education Standard - Conflict Essays - Free Essays Environmental Education Standard - Conflict The Key to Life or Death: An Environmental Education Standard Joe woke up one morning and looked out his window. What he saw startled him: a barren landscape, a desolate land for miles, and the absence of vegetation. He got up, rubbed his eyes, and thought what he witnessed was all part of a dream. Joe walked outside, only to be thrown back by the horrendous smell of toxic chemicals, heat generated from the greenhouse effect and gruesome after effects of acid rain. There are rusted and eroded cars lying around; millions of dead ants scour the baked topsoil. His final thought, before he radioactively melted, how did this all happen? Life on earth could possibly be like this if people do not change their ways in which they handle the environment. If people do not change their current treatment of the environment, a desolate uninhabitable earth will replace this pristine planet. The scientific facts are there to support that we have been destroying our environment, funding is out there to support groups to help the environment, and educational programs are in place to bring awareness. So why are humans still hurting the earth? One possibility is the teachers. It seems that the educators do not teach about conservation or how to save the environment. Their reasoning stems from the fact that the teaching materials are controversial and confusing. If it is not the teachers, then it must be the educational materials. In order to bring about changes to peoples treatment of the environment, universal standards in the curriculum and methodology of environmental education must be developed and implemented at the educational level. Governments throughout the globe fund projects to increase ecological awareness through environmental education; unfortunately, the education being taught is riddled with problems. The problem with people is that there is so much confusion and conflicting opinions about both environmental issues and environmentally responsible behavior (Smith-Se bato 33). The confusion arises because, on one hand, critics of environmental education say that people are being fed doomsday visions of the future and biased and incomplete scientific information about everything, while advocates have stated that the education that people receive are sensible and give a better understanding of human impacts on the environment (Schimdt 1828). These doomsday visions misinform people by telling them that one wrong action against the environment will lead to the earths destruction (Schimdt 1828). Granted that this information usually comes from extremist groups, it does lend to the clout in environmental education. The biased information stems from textbooks that make readers feel guilty about the way they live: In the United States, fuel is wasted and used carelessly. The United States has 6 percent of the worlds population but uses 35 percent of the energy available in the worldHeated pools and hot tubs are seen as necessities in some parts of the U nited States. This is not true for other countries. (Schimdt 1829)This is an example of bias in textbooks. From this, one gets the impression that U.S. citizens are the problem and if an American reader was to glance at this, he or she would feel guilty about the luxuries that he or she owns. The guilt factor, while it is one way for allowing people to realize that their actions and comforts are damaging the environment, also hinders progress and productivity. Critics say that education should not make people feel awful for their actions, but let them realize that they need to change their habits and treatment of the environment. Advocates would see the example as fact, and it should make people realize, specifically U.S. citizens, that their living habits are the only contributors to the deterioration of the environment. Change should come to the U.S. citizens, because it is proven that their actions hurt the environment. These two opposing sides provide a problem in environmental education because they are always arguing what should and should not be taught to people. The solution would be to organize the information in a complete, unquestionable manner, so that people will be aware of the environmental problem and stop their destructive actions. Once the education materials and practices are set in place, teaching it to

Main Functional Metrics Employed to Measure ShareHolder Value Essay

Main Functional Metrics Employed to Measure ShareHolder Value - Essay Example Many firms calculate the profitability in their own method of calculation where as investors take a different method to do the same, and it makes a hard time for the management of the firm to coordinate the results. An investor always focuses on the economic profits of the firm as well as looks at the extent of debt and equity that is invested in the business. Some of the important financial metrics employed to measure shareholder value are given below; 1. Shareholder Value Analysis (SVA) The shareholder value analysis (SVA) approach was developed by Alfred Rapport during 1980s and is used to estimate the value of the shareholders’ stake within a company or business unit which can also be adopted as the fundamental measure to formulate and evaluate strategic decisions (CIMA, 2004. p.10). The estimation of the value of a firm’s operations is usually carried out through the process of discounting anticipated future operating â€Å"free cash flows† at a suitable cos t of capital. Here, the free cash flow shows the cash flow derived from a business for a specified period, i.e. the cash flow before extracting any financial-related cash flows associated with share or debt. For the purpose of calculating the shareholder value, the value of â€Å"marketable securities and other investments† must be added to, and the value of debt must be subtracted from the business valuation (CIMA, 2004. p.10). The advantage of shareholder value analysis is that it can be used to value a business, and also to value alternative strategic decisions, by contrasting the pre- and post-strategy positions of the firm. Moreover, it is a simple most common method of calculation by considering the seven key value drivers, which can be broken down into comprehensive practical measures in order to encourage the managers to act on the ultimate objective of generating shareholder wealth. 2. Economic Profit (EV) Economic Profit (EP) is another method for evaluating the sha reholder value which is also known as â€Å"residual income† as a method of measuring divisional performance. It determines how well a firm is performing. The EP evaluates the surplus return gained by the business in a specific period after deducting all expenses, including the cost of using investor’s capital in the business (Encyclopedia of Business, 2011). The measure of net profit cannot be used for analysis even though the interest charged on debt capital is deducted, as its cost related with using equity funds is omitted. So many opt for the EP, arguing that net profit would be mislead and would erroneously exhibit a firm to be profitable based on net profit, where as the actual economic profit would describe it as economically unprofitable. We can state that economic profit is the variance between the return on capital and the cost of capital which can be computed using the following two methods: EP = Invested capital x (return on capital – WACC) EP = Ope rating profits after tax less capital charge 3. Economic Value Added (EVA) According to Bennet and Stewart (p.40, 2007), Economic Value Added is the financial performance evaluation method which is able to accurately capture the true economic profit of an organisation, and is the performance measure most directly associated with the creation of shareholder wealth over time. EVA is an evaluation of finding out

Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned on the First Offense Essay

Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned on the First Offense - Essay Example Drunk driving must be dealt with a stern approach and one of the reasons behind dealing with the same is through punishing the first time offenders. This leads to a chaotic situation where imprisonment seems to be the only way forward. Imprisonment is therefore a grave reality which shall open the eyes of the offenders once and for all and it ought to bring solace to the pedestrians and other drivers on the road that have made no mistake to be present there. Moving ahead, it has been seen that drunk driving leads to problems of magnanimous effects as this has been researched upon through studies and evidence that has been discerned to date. Hence imprisonment seems to be the only harsh reality that can dawn upon an individual when he is doing the undoable, i.e. driving whilst being drunk. If the offenders know beforehand that they would be imprisoned for a set duration of time, they would abstain from getting into such realms in the first place. Also it would mean that the people wou ld have little choice than to forego this habit of theirs forever. These offenders would know that if they commit something wrong in the future, they would not be spared and hence their driving license would also be canceled as a result of the same. (Lobmann, 2002) is of the view that they will not be allowed to drive a vehicle until their license gets active again and hence this would serve as a deterrent to curb the menace of drunk driving all over the world. It is understandable that the problems which this individual will face under such realms would be immense but then again these are needed to tackle this issue once and for all. The accidents have increased all over the world. This is because people are in a rush to make it to their desired destinations. Also the fact that drunk driving cases have increased drastically. People just do not care if they have to make it to their destinations while they are in a state of being drunk. What they forget is the fact that drunk driving makes them feel dizzy and drowsy which is indeed quite a problem for the other pedestrians and drivers on the road. The latter feel that they are at the direct mercy of these drunk drivers and that they would have to do it themselves in the case of safety on the road. Wagner (2011) asserts what is even more discouraging is the fact that some people believe in drinking whilst driving which is doubly dangerous for just about everyone. However precautions need to be taken by the authorities to make sure that drunken individuals do not hit the roads. No matter what happens, it would be a good starting point to put them behind bars for a certain amount of time and revoke their licenses to curb this problem once and for all. From a personal example, I have seen cases when drunken individuals have come on to the road and created absolute mayhem. This has meant that they have lost their control completely and hit different vehicles on the road and even the innocent pedestrians. I have seen accidents so severe that I have not been able to sleep properly after that. What is needed however is an understanding that drunk driving is one form of evil that must be avoided as much as possible because it creates trouble for the people on and off the road. The property that is destroyed under such domains is another aspect that needs to be given proper significance as well. In essence, the drunken drivers should be told to spend some time in

The Ethical Issues Of Abortion

The Ethical Issues Of Abortion Mention the term ethics to a given group of people and it will be amazing the spurred debate on the same. It is a subject spurring debate not only among the scholars but also among the non-scholars within the society. One simply question creating problems is the actual definition or understanding of the term ethics and its relationship to the human actions and relations. With the universal definition of the term ethics as the ability of choosing the right or wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, responsible or irresponsible, obligatory or permissible with the list unending. Nonetheless, many scholars believe that ethics is a branch of philosophy attempting to establish the concept of morality within a given community. However, from this scholarly definition another important aspect arises asking the clarification of morality and immorality. This is in lieu with the differences in the cultural practices of the various individuals. Morality on the other hand according to Williams (2004) refers to the personal conviction that an action is upright and acceptable not only by the performer but to the public. It is important to do morally upright actions thereby enhancing he peaceful coexistence between the various communities. There are so many moral issues existing within the environment and cultural differences cause so much disparity and incongruent behavior within the same community. Some of those moral issues have become a global issue yielding to a hotly contested debate between for and against personality (Kaczor, 2011). One such moral issue is abortion. This paper establishes the reasons for and against abortion and finally taking a stand on the concept. Reasons against Abortion Abortion is an act of terminating a pregnancy before the natural delivery of by any available means such as operations. Stillbirth is never an abortion as there is natural birth only that the born child is delivered when dead. Many ways are used in the pregnancy termination before the natural and free delivery by the mother after the gestation period is over. Whereas some communities see abortion as an ethical and moral issue, other communities view it as unethical and immoral. In supporting the reasons against the act of abortion, it is believed that it is murder denying the unborn child the chance to live. Every individual has a fundamental right to life and no one should ever take it no matter the circumstances. Fundamental right to life is global basic human rights need to be upheld at all cost. Aborting the unborn child would mean that the basic right and freedom is infringed and these amounts to gross ethical and moral standards. The morality and ethics of the world requires that the basic rights of a person to be taken into consideration and this help in achieving the good and harmonious existence of the individuals. Violation of human rights has become a serious issue and its further violation brings with it so much effects and negative impacts on the people of the community supporting the same concept. Moreover, the life of a person is considered holy and its sanctity is vital on not only the religious aspect but also the social and communal aspects. The Bible, a religious advocates for sanctity of life of individual whether born or unborn. It also establishes that a personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life starts from the conception until the natural death or attrition caused by other factors such as road accident and the rest. Without those the an individual is allowed to live and enjoy life whatever the circumstance and this is the combination of the global human rights and the sanctity of life as portrayed by both religious groups and other cultural practices. Therefore, it becomes meaning les for a community to abort and justifies the action. Abortion is wrong since it denies the unborn the chance and the fundamental of human rights and contradicting the sanctity of life. Another reason as to why abortion should be shunned together with this paper is that under no circumstance does a community in the world gives another person a right of living of the others. It is believed that God created every human being and it is only Him who gives and takes away life of individuals. The person however much they may be disable, there is still the need to ensure that all the process of attaining the global human rights are attained. It is ethically and morally incorrect looking at the various responses obtained from the same subject matter. Since it is never allowed by any community to harm or kill another individual of the same community, it is equally immoral and unethical to abort a foetues that is growing into a baby. Its non-acceptance within the community is a reason to cling on in the upholding human dignity and rights of life. The United States of Americas Ministry of Health claims that the number of abortion performed in public and private health institutions perennially costs a lot of money for the offenders. Increase costs of production makes the offenders use a lot of money in aborting when in real sense they could use the amount in uplifting the lives of the mother and the baby. For those having financial crisis for the abortion process, they go an extra mine to borrow huge amount of money that they may never be able to refund (Kaczor, 2011). The result is a discordant relationship between the perpetrator and the mother of the baby to be aborted. Moreover, some go further to steal or engage in other dubious means to get the required cash. The cost associated with abortion is therefore too much thus should be avoid. Instead, the amount of money for abortion can be channeled to perform other functions. This may be translated economically to mean that the process or action of abortion undermines the economic growth. Many economists have already extrapolated that the abortion action will become a serious action with negative economic effects on the way of human live in the nations accepting and advocating for the process. In the end, abortion will have adverse effects to not only the economic status of the individual but also the economic status of the nation as a whole. It is therefore very important to take various measures to advocate for safe and free delivery of the unborn in order to reduce such economical disastrous likely to be experienced in the coming future. Proper strategies need to be in place. Ethical and moral issue behind the action of abortion has resulted into it not being legalized in many global nations. This makes the pregnant women really determined to get rid of the baby to go backstreet abortion posing so many problems to the mother Murti Crossed, 2006). The backstreet abortion endangers the lives of not only the child but the mother as well. This is true also for the legalized abortion where mothers have bled before leading to their demise. Posing of much threat on the human life especially for both the mother and the child is another reason that should discourage a person from committing the unethical and immoral act. Let the pregnant women freely and naturally deliver after all children are a gift from God. Statistics have it that many women lose their lives in the abortion process especially in cases performed by unqualified people. Abortion is a matter of life and death and it is either amazing seeing different persons fight each other verbally or physically concerning the unethical and immoral actions of an individual. Increment of the backstreet abortions is a threat to the person performing it and the nation at large who are depending on such people in the production process and thus in the improvement of the economy. The effect of this is reduced gross national product, this affects the economy in a negative way, and this is extra detrimental as it involves a high risk of life between the baby and the mother. Let the baby stay and enjoy the fundamental and basic rights of living (Pojman, and Fieser, 2009). Since healthcare practice is involved there might be health dangers exposed to the mother of the child. The most common and dangerous complications developed amongst the women who have aborted include the breast cancer. Once the child or the baby is aborted, the mother will have no one to breast feed leading to the interference of the natural cycle or process of releasing of hormones responsible for the breast and milk development. The impact may not be visible during the first few weeks or months of the motherà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life but will surely increase the chances of the mother contracting breast cancer. Cancers of any type have no cure and therefore it would mean that the mother will eventually and faster die before the expiry of the time of such a woman. This interferes with the population structure of the economy influencing various activities within the economy (Diener, 2000). In addition, numerous complications arise due to abortion other than the breast cancer idea. Such complications as identified by medical practitioners include the pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancies, future premature births, subsequent infertility, and miscarriages, placenta praevia, among other many complications. These complications are very adverse for example, it may lead to future infertility, this may affect the individual in future causing in ability to give rise to young ones desperations, and consequently death related stress. Another example is the pelvic inflammatory that will affect greatly the pelvic of the mother and this poses so much health related challenges in the environmental as well as the life of the mother. As the healthcare practitioners propose, it will be important to prevent rather than wait and contract the complications through abortion and then looking for ways of curing them (Kaczor, 2011). Reasons for Abortion Many people and communities accept the fact that abortion is ethical and moral. In other communities, there are efforts to make them legal. On of the basis on which they make their argument is that during rape and incest then a person may seek for adoption. In such a case, the proponents for the reasons for the abortion practice assert that such a kind need to be aborted and reduce shame and trauma. However, this is not a right reasoning as the person punished here is the child yet the offender of the act is left to go free without any trial. The other reasoning for abortion according to those who are for it, is believe that abortion could possibly be a means of reducing the population (Murti, Crossed, 2006). The truth is that abortion cannot be used in the reduction of population. There are many ways of population control employed in achieving the desired family size. The proponents of the reasons for abortion also assert that it is ethical and moral as the woman is allowed to decide on the events she would like to happen within her body. For instance, if the woman wants to give birth she may do so since she has all the rights as well. They also believe that abortion is not murder as it only removes and disintegrate the various body cells incapable of living on the own outside the womb without the aid of other technological devices within the healthcare service provision. They assume that when the pregnancy is allowed to continue even with complications then it may result into more complications. Consequently, there is need for the abortion according to them. According to them, it is wrong to bring up a child of unwanted pregnancy and in order to avoid this the persons involve should abort (Pojman, and Fieser, 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that there is a division between those supporting the abortion concept and those against the concept. The various reasoning of both sides of the debate gives a final verdict that it is true that the debate on the side for the actions of abortion is weaker than the side of the shooting. While many scholars have attempted to change the views of abortion by calling it ethical and emotional others believe that the aspect of abortion are complex and in real sense obtained from the various aspects of the government or a given community. it is therefore true without any doubt that abortion, from the discussed issues is unethical and immoral after all they deprive someone of the right of living.

Comparing Irvings Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

An Analysis of Irving's Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to write any kind of fantasy story or writing. At first he tried to pass his stories as real life accounts found in a dead mans dresser. The start of one states that it is real and has been deemed so by collages and some museums. After he saw how much people liked his stories he published all of them in " The Sketch Book of Godfred Crayon, Gent.". This Collection became famous overnight. His stories were also successful in England and Europe. Most of his stories have many similarities and differences. "Rip VanWinkle" and " The Devil and Tom Walker" are two good examples. To start of with there all around feeling and theme. Now one can tell "Rip VanWinkle" is set in a fantasy world right of the bat by the way Irving sort of zooms in on the scene, first he tells of the mountains and then the town and down till he's in the room with Tom and his wife. In "The Devil and Tom Walker" the author gives some info on the situation and the charters and then just jumps into the story. In both of the stories you get the feeling of something supernatural is going to happen. Also in both they take place in remote areas. Next we have the husband wife relationship in both cases. Now Rip was sort of a say nothing do nothing when it came to his house and wife. His wife would bad mouth him and yell at him, but Rip wouldn't do much anyway. He would just go off and sleep. Now Tom and his wife on the other hand would battle to the death. Tom would yell and scream and so would his wife. Tom would hide money and so would his wife. In both of the stories they wife husband relationship would be a turning point in both cases. And last the way they both got what they wanted. In Rips case he wanted to get rid of his wife and his jobs. He goes to the forest to escape from his wives verbal abuse. He gets his wish by getting a new life

Explain The 5 Marketing concepts Essay

Firms and businesses, approach and conduct business in different ways in order to achieve their organizational goals. There are five competing concepts by which firms and business are guided in their marketing effort. The first three concepts production, product and selling, focus all on the product. The last two concepts marketing and societal marketing, focus on the customer. However, the commonality in all five philosophies is that they all have the same goal which is organizational profit. The choice as to which concept or philosophy to adopt depends on the circumstances of the situation The first concept, the production concept, is the philosophy that consumers will favour products that are available and highly affordable. This philosophy states that any amount of goods produced will sell if it is available and affordable to customers. When firms adopt this concept, generally they produce goods on a mass production level, to be able to produce large quantities, therefore make it more available; investing in technology is essential, to reduce the costs of production and make it more affordable. In such case the management is required to focus mostly on improving the production and distribution of a particular product. The production concept can be an appropriate philosophy in two types of situations: The first one is where the demand for a product exceeds the supply. Here the management should concentrate on finding ways to increase production. The second situation is where the product’s cost is too high and therefore improved productivity is needed to bring it down. A disadvantage of the production concept, is that firms which employ this concept risk to lose sight of what the customers really want. The product concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, and features, and therefore the organization should devote its energy to making continuous product improvements. Firms adapting this concept believe that customers are attracted to products which are very efficient and therefore the management emphasizes on adding and  building more value on a product. This concept holds that if one manages to produce the best product it will sell it self easily. A disadvantage of this concept is that firms adopting the product concept, tend to focus too much on the product and this can lead to marketing myopia. Buyers might be looking for a better solution to a problem, but not necessarily a better product in that category. The selling concept states the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the product unless the firm undertakes a large-scale of selling and promotional effort. Firms adopting this philosophy do not produce goods and services in line with people’s need and wants because they try to create demand for that particular product themselves. This task involves investing a lot in advertising and selling because this concept states that demand will be generated by doing so. This requires a good sales force, and firms to perfect various sales techniques to track down prospects and hard-sell them on the benefits of their product. The selling concept is generally practiced with unsought goods, such as insurance, encyclopedias, and funeral plots. A situation in which the selling concept is typically adopted is, when firms have overproduction, and try to sell what they have rather than what people want. A disadvantage of the selling concept is that by adopting this concept, firms mainly aim to get the sale and do not bother about any post-purchase satisfaction. This carries high risks, if customers are not satisfied, relationships are not created and therefore they are not inclined to make other purchases. The marketing concept is the philosophy that holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than others do. Firms practicing the marketing concept, start from the customer, by targeting a specific market and determining its needs and wants through market research. Products and services are than developed accordingly with the market’s demand through integrated marketing. In the  marketing concept profit is generated through building long-term relationships with customers, by delivering superior value and satisfaction. The focus of management is on the customer’s ultimate satisfaction. Hence, while the selling concept takes an inside-out perspective, the marketing concept takes an outside-in perspective. The selling concept focuses on the needs of the seller whilst the marketing concept focuses on the needs of the buyer. The Selling concept’s aim is to convert the product into cash. On the other hand the marketing concept aims to satisfy the needs of the customer by means of the product and the whole process associated with creating, delivering and finally consuming it. A disadvantage of the marketing philosophy is that this concept must be based on a long-term process and profits are realised in the long run. Also firms adopting this concept must invest a lot financially, in conducting research and in building relationships with their customers. The fifth concept, the societal marketing concept is the newest concept. It holds that the organization’s task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that it maintains and improves the consumer’s and the society’s well-being. The societal marketing concept is similar to the marketing concept, except that it also takes into consideration the society’s well-being. This concept was developed in a time where society began to question if the marketing concept was adequate in the face of worldwide environmental problems, resource shortages, and other social problems. Firms adopting the societal marketing concept believe that consumers will respond more favourably to companies which are socially responsible and react unfavourably to companies which they feel are not socially responsible. This gives socially-responsible companies a competitive edge over their competitors. The disadvantages of the societal marketing concept are the same disadvantages of the marketing concept, with the exception that this concept involves more extra costs with regards to the well being of society.

The American Presidency Evolution in Time Essay examples

The American Presidency: Evolution in Time The American Presidency is undoubtedly one of the most widely recognized popular icons throughout the world. Although to most foreigners or those who have never resided in the United States or know little of its history, the executive branch of government may seem to be as dull and unyielding as the rest of the American politics, for those few rare individuals who have taken the time to examine and closely scrutinize this office of the American political system and its recent history, quite the opposite will be said. Unlike Congressional or local elections where typically a number of individuals of the same ideological background must be elected in order for a particular issue to be†¦show more content†¦Roosevelts pledge to his constituents as well as his political prowess and strong-willed demeanor placed hopes in the hearts of Americans. On the eve of his inauguration night alone, Roosevelt told the nation that `the only thing we have to fear is fear itself and promis ed effective leadership in the crisis (Rosen). Furthermore, throughout his four terms in office, FDR sensing that the American people needed guidance as well as comfort continued to aggressively lead the United States out of the Depression and later on persisted with his unique style of leadership as he was forced to take his constituents to war. During his time as president, Roosevelts America was in a crisis and like most other nations throughout the world, in the same predicament; it thirsted for an exceptionally good leader with a superior moral compass and determination that was willing to take charge and point the way to a brighter future. Following the end of World War Two (WWII), the United States as well as much of the western world was thrust into the escalating crisis which came to be known as the Cold War. As this new threat emerged looming over the United States and its NATO allies, Americans again developed a need for strong and decisive leadership in the executive office. With the elections of former WWII General Dwight D. Eisenhower and later on the young and handsome John F. Kennedy,Show MoreRelatedPresidency as an Institution1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. 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